| |9 December 2019HIGHERReviewHouseholds having household heads with higher education and high-skill levels have three to four times more household incomes than those with no formal education or those in low-skilled jobsthe teachers train higher technical, managerial, and ad-ministrative personnel. Finally, higher education insti-tutions operate as supporters for the creative thinking needed for a competitive society. This role of the higher education system is attained through aligning the knowl-edge of graduates with the entrance requirements, link-ing higher education preparation with market demand, and increasing the emphasis on cost-sharing by students and families. Southeast Asians spent around two-fifths of how much Europeans and Central Asians pay for private schooling, a startling figure given by the wealth of Euro-pean citizens. This may be because countries that invest in improving the quality and access to higher education benefit society economically and socially. Educational standards between rural and urban areas are vast across the world and were bound to widen in Southeast Asia as urbanization has quickened. House-holds having household heads with higher education and high-skill levels have three to four times more household incomes than those with no formal education or those in low-skilled jobs. Urban household sizes are also declin-ing, meaning parents can afford to spend more on the education of their fewer children. Household incomes, too, have risen dramatically in the last decade. Most educational institutions in Singapore offer inter-national students the needed support so that to achieve excellence in the academic as well as the professional front so that they are well prepared to lead a corporate life. Some of the top-rated universities like Singapore Institute of Technology (SIT), Nanyang Technological University (NTU) are renowned universities in the Asian continent, offering specialized degree programs to for-eign students. The diversity of higher education is a re-flection of the nation's special status. The government's strategy is on educational development. It is mainly fo-cusing on quality improvement for developing nation-al human resources to meet the needs of the country's socio-economic development and not on integrating the private sector in a way, which does not undermine the quality of education.In most cases, higher educations are heavily regulat-ed by the state. Across the world, privatization is often seen as a threat, particularly to the university's role in contributing to the public good, for students are viewed as `consumers'. The entire degrees from private higher education institutions can be a source of concern. Data shows that graduates from these institutions are more likely than their counterparts from public higher edu-cation institutions to be unemployed, and ratings shows that private universities often get lower ratings than pub-lic ones.In countries at the low-income level, at times, the `quality' discussed often pertains to the quality of basic infrastructures, such as internet access, ICT, and dor-mitory availability for female students. On other occa-sions, the `quality' referred to in the documents means the proper licensing of institutions. Most of the govern-ments are trying to expand English-language education by promoting transnational cooperation and exchange with countries like Australia, France, the U.S., Japan, and Germany. To achieve universal completion of basic education, eliminate illiteracy, and ensure gender parity through priority programs, strategies, and activities in early childhood, basic, secondary, higher, and recurrent education. It has had to re-build an entire education sys-tem from a small base largely destroyed in the indepen-dence struggle.
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